
Class _ n L P 



CDEffllGHT DEPQSm 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 



Emancipation of the Slavs 

LETTERS PUBLISHED IN THE SUN 
OF NEW YORK 

BY JULIUS A. HUPERT, M. D. 



NEW BRITAIN 
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR 

MDCCCCXIX 



i-o"^ 



n-\ 



COPYRIGHT, I9I9, BY 
YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 



Mas -3 ISIS 

©CI. A5 11844 



''The dismemberment of Austria-Hungary, the 
creation of independent republics of every race, is 
the only guarantee of a permanent peace in Europe. 
The present war may fulfill that mission partially or 
completely. If the latter results, the war will be 
blessed by future generations.'^ — Dr. Julius A. 
Hupert, in The Hartford Times, August 15, 1914- 



CONTENTS 

CHAPTER PAGE 

I. Emancipation of the Slavs as an Issue of 

the War 9 

II. A League of Nations. Certain Prelimi- 
nary Requirements of Its Formation . 19 

III. Protest against Teaching German. Ad- 

vocate Spread of English Language 
Around World 24 

IV. Banish Language of Hun from United 

States 31 

V. German in the Schools. Its Elimination 
Urged in Behalf of a Future Decent 

World 35 

VI. Lusitania Day 40 

VII. The Irreducible Minimum that Poland 

Demands — September 26, 1917 . . 44 

VIII. The Pole's Nationality 49 

IX. Poland and Germany. A Dissection of 
the Infamous Terms Offered by the 

Prussians 52 

X. Burian's Pretences ^6 

XI. Beat Germany — March 13, 191 8 . . 61 
XII. The Causes of the War .... 63 



[7] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS AS 
AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 

AMERICA SHOULD HAVE AN IMPORTANT 

PART IN THE SOLUTION OF THIS GREAT 

RACE PROBLEM 

The material issues of this war are many and 
mighty. 

First. The curbing forever of Germany's am- 
bition to dominate Europe, America and the 
world. 

Second. The emancipation of the Slavs and 
other nations oppressed by Austria-Hungary, 
Germany, and the late Czaristic Russia. 

Third. Replacement of autocracy by demo- 
cratic forms of government. 

Fourth. The arousing of America to an active 
participation in the settlement of world policies, 
and to the realization of her great national des- 
tiny to be the maker of a peace giving freedom 
and independence to all Slav and other op- 

[9] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
pressed nations, to be the warrantor and guard- 
ian of a just and lasting peace and of the sacred- 
ness of international obligations. That mission 
of America and the coming emancipation of the 
oppressed Slav nations make it necessary for 
the United States to plan a permanent policy 
toward the Slavs. 

America is the great hope of the Slavs. America 
must be the liberator of the Slav nations. She 
must organize and finance the political, indus- 
trial and economic institutions of the resur- 
rected Slav nations, not as a matter of phi- 
lanthropy, but as an urgent commercial and 
political business of immense benefit to both the 
contracting parties. 

Traditional American policy of no "entan- 
gling alliances" must be replaced by one of EARLY 
PLANNING AND EVER READINESS AND POWERFUL 
ALLIANCES, because of the hostility of the whole 
German race toward Americans. It is right to 
assume that this enmity will last at least until 
the whole German nation is cured of her con- 
stitutional and mental disease expressed by her 
ambitions to dominate the world. To be safe, we 
must assume that the Germans after their first 
failure to conquer the world will try it again and 

[lO] 



AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
again ; that we MUST BE PREPARED FOR THE NEXT 
WAR, not only by complete military prepared- 
ness, but also by powerful political alliances. 

I venture the opinion that for the future safety 
of our country. South America, Europe and the 
world it is more important to free all Slav 
nations and Russia from German domination 
than to liberate only Alsace-Lorraine, Belgium 
and compromise on the Slav problems. If WE 
ALLOW Germany to keep and exploit the 
WESTERN Slavs, Russia and the Balkan 
NATIONS, Germany will be invincible and 
she will again attack the entente nations 
and win a political and commercial domi- 
nation of the world. 

The right settlement of the Slav problems by 
the Allies is of the utmost importance and of 
great urgency. It was impossible to do it when 
Czaristic Russia was alive with her policy of 
Panslavism and aspirations to rule in Constan- 
tinople. The western and southern Slavs were 
justly more afraid of Panslavism than of Pan- 
Germanism. Panslavism meant death to their 
independent national lives. Panslavism's real 
objects were to gradually deprive the other small 
Slav nations of all institutions of national inde- 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

pendence — a Russification by force and cruel 
persecution. 

Fear of Panslavism and a Russian Constanti- 
nople drove Bulgaria and Turkey into the arms 
of the Teutons. The Allies, excluding America, 
were agreed to allow a free hand to Russia in 
the settlement of the Slav problems as far as 
September, 19 17. Since then conditions have 
changed and the Allies have not to sacrifice the 
interests of the western and southern Slavs to 
satisfy the Panslavistic greed of a Czaristic Rus- 
sia. Russia is only one of the Slav nations. THE 
OTHER Slav nations do not want to be re- 
ferred TO AS PEOPLES, RACES OR PARTS OF RUSSIA. 

They HAVE nothing in common with Russia, 

BUT THAT THEY ALL ARE SLAVS. 
To make the Slav nations united and independ- 
ent Austria must be dismembered. It is so 
obvious that it does not need explanation. Aus- 
tria cannot make a separate peace, nor can she be 
a federation of equally independent units. Both 
parties, the German Magyar minority and the 
Slav majority, rebel against such a state of affairs. 
The minority wants to continue her unspeakable 
oppression of the majority. The majority must 
have independence. The German provinces 

[12] 



AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
united to Germany, an independent Magyar 
land, the different Slav and Latin nations freed 
and united in independent states must be Aus- 
tria's end. Any other solution is POLITICAL HY- 
POCRISY AND MAKES ABSURD ANY PEACE IN 
REGARD TO CLAIMS OF JUSTICE OR PERMANENCY. 
America is best fitted to champion the cause of 
all Slavs, because : 

1. Her motives in this war are unselfish. 

2. Of all Allies, she is best known, most re- 
spected and beloved by all Slav nations, great 
and small. 

3. She has the means to do it. 

4. Ten million or more of ties are binding 
America and Slavdom through the Slavish resi- 
dents in America and their descendants. 

5. Her real democracy and her mental and 
emotional make-up appeal strongly to the hearts 
and souls of Slavdom. 

6. It will bring to the United States the greatest 
moral satisfaction of a colossal task well per- 
formed for humanity and civilization's sake. 

7. It means for America immense commercial, 
industrial and financial expansion and a political 
alliance of paramount importance to curb any 
future attempts of Germany at world conquest. 

[13] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

The terms of a just settlement of the Slavish 
problems are : 

First. America and the Allies declare in a 
signed proclamation to stand not only by Russia, 
but by all western and southern Slav nations 
and to support their claims to be united, abso- 
lutely independent and democratic states. Such 
a declaration is necessary to counteract German 
propaganda that tells the Slavs that the Allies 
are selfish and not interested in Slav aspirations 
to freedom. 

Second. America and the Allies declare for: 

(a) A free United Poland composed of all 
lands genuinely Polish, with access to the seas by 
way of Danzig and the Baltic coast. That the 
Allies have done partly. 

(b) An independent Bohemia, composed of 
Bohemia, Moravia, parts of Silesia and the 
land of the Slovaks. Bohemia must be given free 
access to the Black Sea by free navigation rights 
on the Danube and access to the Baltic Sea by 
privilege to use a Polish port in exchange for 
free transit of Polish goods through Bohemia 
to the Danube, which must be made an inter- 
national waterway. 

(c) An independent Greater Serbia, composed 

[14] 



AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
of Slavonia, Croatia, Dalmatia, Montenegro, 
Bosnia and Serbia proper. 

(d) For a free Ukraine, whose frontier must 
be determined by a commission representing 
Ukraine and Greater Russia. Ukraine is a crea- 
tion of the Teuton powers. There never was a 
state known as Ukraine or a Ukrainian nation 
with distinct frontiers and political traditions 
of an independent State. The upper classes, all 
educated classes of Ukraine, considered them- 
selves, until recently, Russians. The peasants talk 
a Slavic language, called the Little Russian, and 
did not aspire in Russia to form a separate dis- 
tinct nation. Only the Little Russian peasants 
and clergy in Galicia were taught by the Aus- 
trians to claim a separate nationality. The Little 
Russians are a subdivision of the Great Russian 
race. If they desire now to form a separate state 
there are no reasons to oppose it. White Russia 
cannot have any just claims to form an independ- 
ent state. 

(e) For a free, independent Lithuania. It is 
worth while to take under serious consideration 
the creation of a Baltic republic on lines of Swit- 
zerland, composed of Lithuania, Courland and 
Esthonia. Those Baltic peoples were united 

[15] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

before in the Kingdom of Poland, and later 
under Russia. They have many common interests 
and traditions and would be able to form a strong 
and prosperous state. Such a republic patterned 
on the Swiss Republic could respect the rights of 
the German minorities in those provinces. 

(f ) The rest of Russia to be free and independ- 
ent Great Russia without further subdivisions. 
Autonomy to the Caucasian races in federation 
with Russia could be granted if those people are 
fit for self-government. 

Third. America and the Allies declare that all 
Slavic nations must have free access to the seas 
and ports free of ice. That only can assure the 
Slavs a free development of industry and com- 
merce, prevent their economic enslavement by 
Germany and give the Slavic nations direct 
access to the markets of the Allies and America, 
not by the way of Hamburg and Bremen. 

Fourth. America declares her readiness to or- 
ganize and finance the commerce and industry 
of the new Slav states by long term loans, by 
building of railroads and factories, and cover- 
ing the new state with a network of strong fi- 
nancial institutions, not to exploit the Slavic 
countries, but to build up and develop on terms 

[i6] 



AN ISSUE OF THE WAR 
of helpful partnership in all important branches 
of commerce and industry. In 19 16 I had infor- 
mation that Poland's future was at the mercy of 
Germany, which after destroying Poland's na- 
tional wealth was making arrangements to get 
absolute control of Poland's future raw ma- 
terials, Poland's future commerce and industry. 
The same policy of merciless exploitation by 
Germany will apply to Lithuania, Ukraine and 
the whole of Russia, if America and the Allies 
do not take proper steps at once to counteract it. 
Fifth. America and the Allies will safeguard 
their own interests and the freedom of the world 
best by forming a permanent military and com- 
mercial and political alliance with 

(a) A Central European League, composed of 
Poland, Lithuania, Bohemia and Ukraine. 

(b) The Balkan League, composed of Greater 
Serbia, Bulgaria, Rumania, Greece. 

(c) Great Russia. 

The creation of a Central European League of 
Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania and Bohemia and 
the restoration of the former Balkan League, 
including Rumania, are political necessities to 
safeguard the independence of those small 
nations. 

[17] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
Such a solution of the Slavic problems is the 
only just one, the only guarantee of a lasting 
peace, the only way to curb the German ambi- 
tions to dominate the world. To MAKE IT ALL 
POSSIBLE Germany must first be beaten. She 

WILL ADMIT DEFEAT ONLY WHEN THE ALLIES' 
ARMIES CROSS THE RHINE AND NOT BEFORE. 
America will find the means, the courage and 
perseverance to perform this colossal task. 

Hail to America, the great and only help of 
the Slav, whose emancipation is one of the great 
issues of this war! 

June 17, 1918. 



[18] 



II 

A LEAGUE OF NATIONS 

CERTAIN PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS OF 
ITS FORMATION 

The project of a league of nations is fathered 
by great men, such as President Wilson, Vis- 
count Grey, Lord Bryce and other well-known 
statesmen. Being the expression of lofty ideal- 
ism, it has met in democratic countries with a 
widespread and hearty acceptance. The pur- 
poses and aims would be: 

First, to prevent war, threatening to ruin civil- 
ization by the immensity of its horrors and waste 
on account of the rapid perfection of all instru- 
ments of warfare, and to abolish destruction of 
life and national wealth ; 

Secondly, to settle international disputes by a 
tribunal of arbitration and board of conciliation 
in accord with a code of international laws and 
rules made by the collective efforts of all part- 
ners of the league ; 

Thirdly, to effect a universal, real, military and 

[19] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

naval disarmament to curb burdensome expenses 
for costly future armaments and by such disar- 
mament to enable all nations to pay off their 
national debts; 

Fourthly, to create a friendly international co- 
operation in all labors directed to raise the eco- 
nomical, social and political standards of all 
units of the league. The unselfish aims of such a 
union are so ideal that many doubt that such a 
league is possible. 

The difficulties ahead are great. The experience 
of mankind and history teaches us that hereto- 
fore all disputes between nations have ultimately 
been settled by the force of arms, that peace has 
followed every war and war has followed peace. 
Nobody can deny it. Human nature has not lost 
its ferocity, but rather increased it, if we judge 
by the terrible cruelties perpetrated in this war. 
The passion for national unity and independ- 
ence is the supreme instinct and the supreme 
right of all free and oppressed nations, and use 
of force and war is accepted as the last resort to 
defend or get national freedom and rights, as it 
is done now. No nation can or will renounce that 
supreme right. 

Apparently the obstacles are colossal, but the 

[20] 



A LEAGUE OF NATIONS 

benefits of a real union of nations would be so 
immense that a league of nations may be formed 
if the following preliminary essential conditions 
of a league are established as the result of this 
world war: 

1. German militarism, the real and great ob- 
stacle of a union of nations, must be broken by a 
crushing defeat of the German armies. 

2. All oppressed European nations and all non- 
Turkish races in the Ottoman Empire must be 
free and independent nations. That condition 
demands the dismemberment of Austria and 
Turkey. 

3. All states must have constitutions 

BASED ON REALLY DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES. IT IS 
NOT A QUESTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY 

OR REPUBLIC. That decision may be taken by 

THE RESPECTIVE NATIONS. BUT THE ACCEPTANCE 
OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES BY ALL PRESENT IN- 
DEPENDENT NATIONS AND ALL NATIONS TO BE 
RECONSTRUCTED AND FREED BY THE WAR MUST BE 
ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL TERMS OF PEACE. TO 
REGARD IT, AS HERETOFORE, AS AN INTERNAL 
AFFAIR OF EACH STATE IS NOT RIGHT, BECAUSE ON 
THE REAL DEMOCRACY OF THE RESPECTIVE STATES 
DEPENDS THE PEACE OF THE WORLD. BY MAKING 

[21] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

THE ACCEPTANCE OF DEMOCRATIC PRINCIPLES 
OBLIGATORY FOR ALL NATIONS NO ONE SHALL 
HAVE REASON TO OBJECT. 

Don't we know that in many countries, on ac- 
count of privileged classes, the democratization 
of the government would be slow or impossible 
without outside pressure from the existing de- 
mocracies? That is the only way to make "the 
world safe for democracy." The WORLD IS NOT 
yet democratic, so autocracies must be re- 
placed by democracies by the terms of the 
coming peace. 

The democratic principles to be accepted 
by all nations should be : 

First, universal, equal, secret ballot is 
given all men in every country. 

Secondly, v^oman suffrage is conceded. 

Thirdly, parliamentary representation is 
to be based on the number of votes, not dis- 
TRICTS. 

Fourthly, parliamentary responsibility of 
ministry will be enforced. 

Fifthly, the declaration of war and mak- 
ing OF PEACE ARE TO BE THE RIGHT OF THE PAR- 
LIAMENTS BY FOUR-FIFTHS OF THE NUMBER OF 
MEMBERS. 

[22] 



A LEAGUE OF NATIONS 

Sixthly, the right to veto the declaration 
of war is conceded to the international 
tribunal at the hague. all are to accept 
the judgment of the international court. 

In EXCEPTIONAL CASES THE TRIBUNAL AT ThE 

Hague may recommend a reconsideration 
of the declaration of war by newly elected 
parliaments of the nations involved, prom- 
ising non-interference. that would make a 
local war theoretically possible, but in 
practice very difficult on account of the 
influence of woman suffrage, new elec- 
tions and delays. 
Seventhly, open diplomacy, the publish- 
ing OF ALL TREATIES BETWEEN NATIONS MUST BE 
ENFORCED. ALL NATIONS MUST HAVE ACCESS TO 
AND THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. If such prelim- 
inary conditions can be established as the result 
of this war, the formation and successful main- 
tenance of a league of nations, based on inter- 
national, military and naval force and mutual 
pledge and faith to obey international rules, may 
become a reality. 

Dr. Julius Hupert. 

New Britain, Conn., October 4. 

[23] 



Ill 

PROTEST AGAINST TEACHING 
GERMAN 

ADVOCATE SPREAD OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE 
AROUND WORLD 

Having passed through eight classes of a Ger- 
man gymnasium and spent over two years at the 
German university of Vienna, being very fa- 
miliar with the German, English, French, 
Polish and Rumanian languages and having 
studied some time ago the Dutch, Malay and 
Italian, I may know something of the impor- 
tance of foreign tongues in one's life work. My 
experience has been broadened and matured by 
three years of travel all over the world. 

The Germans study French, English, Italian, 
Spanish and Russian. They do it because, to live 
and prosper, they must sell goods to people who 
talk those foreign tongues. Many hundred mil- 
lions, who were the best German customers, have 
a natural and justified antipathy to the German 

[24] 



PROTEST TEACHING GERMAN 

language, so the Germans must study their cus- 
tomers' tongues. It is obvious that the Americans 
must also study Spanish, Italian, French and 
Russian to meet the German salesman on even 
terms in those respective countries. For an Amer- 
ican salesman to try to trade in German for the 
next hundred years with any of the present allied 
nations after this war is to commit commercial 
suicide. FRENCH, RUSSIAN, Italian and Span- 
ish ARE THE FOREIGN TONGUES NECESSARY TO 
THE COMMERCIAL MEN OF OUR COUNTRY, AND 

NOT German. 

The German language is welcome only in 
Germany, in the German-Austrian provinces 
AND BY A GREAT NUMBER OF JEWS, who talk 
Juedisch, a German jargon. Nobody else loves 
German. The German business men talk Eng- 
lish, so the American salesman does not need to 
bargain with them in broken German when he 
can honor the Teutons by talking with them in 
English. There is no commercial good reason 
for American boys to torture their tongues and 
poison their minds by the study of German. 

The commercial transactions in the United 
States, Asia, Australia and Africa are not and 
shall never be made in German. English is there 

[25] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

supreme; Spanish in Latin America. With 
REGARD TO KNOWLEDGE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES 

THE United States is better provided than 

ANY OTHER COUNTRY. ThE SONS OF OUR IMMI- 
grants talk all the languages of the world. 
Pick them out and give them a commercial 
training and send them to all corners of 
our globe. 

The Germans study foreign tongues because the 
educated and upper classes admire them as beau- 
tiful languages giving them access to the richest 
and most artistic literature of the world. In this 
foreign literature only can they satisfy their taste 
for the beautiful, when they have it, and find 
models and inspiration for German writings, 
which are mostly imitations of foreign novels, 
dramas and poetry. If that is so, why should an 
American boy study German? We must recom- 
mend to him perfect English and French, or 
Russian, or Spanish, but no German. 

Some say scientific works are published in Ger- 
man. The few specialists will FIND ENGLISH 
TRANSLATIONS of anything worth while. 

The German language is a rough and poor lan- 
guage. The study of it is very trying and un- 

[26] 



PROTEST TEACHING GERMAN 

pleasant. The constant presence of "der," "die" 
and "das," the numberless foreign and com- 
pound words, the confusing use of auxiliary- 
verbs, koenen, sollen, wollen, moegen, haben, 
werden and lassen — the use of verbs at the end 
of the sentence, the German grammar and syn- 
tax in general, make the German language a 
very unwelcome and tiresome study for the Slav, 
the French, and I suppose the American boy. 
Why torture his mind with such stuff when there 
is no real necessity for it? 
Another very important consideration: By 
teaching German in public schools we help 
German propaganda and the German national 
aims. What are these aims? They are and will be 
until the Germans are subdued by the ALLIES* 
ARMS AND TRADE BOYCOTT AND CULTURAL OSTRA- 
CISM AS FOLLOWS : 

First. Weltherrschaft, which means 

WORLD CONQUEST BY FORCE OF ARMS. 

Second. Welthandel, which means SU- 

PREMACYINTHE WORLD FORTHE GERMANTRADE, 
BASED NOT ON FAIR AND PEACEFUL COMPETITION, 
BUT ON SPECIAL PRIVILEGES, THE RESULT OF VIC- 
TORIES IN WAR ANNEXATIONS AND INDEMNITIES. 

[27] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

Third. To MAKE OF THE GERMAN KULTUR A 
WELTKULTUR, AND OF THE GERMAN LANGUAGE 
A WELTSPRACHE. BY TEACHING GERMAN IN PUB- 
lic schools you help to make the german 
language a weltsprache. unintentionally 
you help to spread german kultur and 
Germanism. 

The present and the future interests of this 
country demand the exclusion from public 
schools of the teaching of German and THE SUB- 
STITUTION OF French, Spanish and Russian. 
The national policies and the commercial in- 
terests of the United States and Great Britain 
must suggest to statesmen with the proper fore- 
sight a systematic and very active propaganda 
for the English language among the Slavs 
AND Latin nations. The field has been neg- 
lected. The Anglo-Saxon world and the 
United States in particular ought to create 
A hundred million dollar fund for such a 
PROPAGANDA. By proper diplomatic negotiations 
they can get the privilege to open in the Allied 
countries, in every city of 20,000 inhabitants or 
more, an AGENCY FOR ENGLISH CULTURE. The 
tasks of such centers would be : 

[28] 



PROTEST TEACHING GERMAN 

1. Teaching of the English language free of 
charge. 

2. The support of a free English library. 

3. The training of youth in English games, 
sports, athletics and English culture. 

4. The stimulation of trade with the United 
States and Great Britain. 

5. All religious and political propaganda in 
such centers must be strictly forbidden. By doing 
it you will confer a great boon on the Slav and 
other nations and strike mortal blows at the ag- 
gressive Germanism, WHOSE ATTEMPTS AT 
WORLD CONQUEST BY GERMAN ARMS FOR GERMAN 
TRADE AND KULTUR AND LANGUAGE WILL NOT 
END WITH THE PRESENT WAR. 

I regard the immediate organization of 
agencies of English culture in foreign countries 
as of great importance to the United States. After 
THIS WAR THE UNITED STATES CAN NEVER 
RETURN TO THE STATUS OF ISOLATION AND IN- 
DIFFERENCE TO WORLD POLICIES. America's na- 
tional destiny is and must be to lead all nations in 
the affairs of the world. For such leadership she 
must plan and prepare. A long and bitter strug- 
gle of a just, humanitarian, progressive and 

[29] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

democratic Americanism against the most effi- 
cient and Satanic powers of Germanism is in 
progress. By pushing forward the English lan- 
guage and hindering the spread of German we 
shall help in one way Americanism to triumph. 

May 3, 1918. 



[30] 



IV 

BANISH LANGUAGE OF HUN FROM 
UNITED STATES 

My protest, published in The Sun of May 7, 
against the teaching of German in our public 
schools gets every day more friends. For na- 
tional reasons of great importance to the present 
and future safety of our country we must go 
further in our well-understood and from the 
American point of view well-justified endeavors 
to bar German from our country and promote 
by all means the spread and study of English. 
Every true American must have a passion to see 
English take the place of German in the homes 
in America where German is spoken. If he does 
not he is ignorant of the power of one's language 
or is a camouflaged American or a soft senti- 
mentalist, alias weakling, in regard to national 
policies. 

One of the articles of the German national 
credo is that the position of the Germans in the 
world depends on the number of the people who 
will talk in the future German. 

[31] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

One of the principal national aims of Germany 
is to make her kultur a ^Weltkultur" and her 
language a "Weltsprache." For that purpose 
they have great funds for German schools and 
propaganda of German kultur in foreign lands. 
What they can't do by those means they hope to 
impose by the might of their arms. How much 
the Germans think of the power of one's lan- 
guage shows plainly their cruel prosecution of 
the Polish language in the provinces of old 
Poland under German rule. Polish is the natives' 
language, but it is eliminated from schools, 
public life and worship in German Poland. 

What shall we do here? What we do must be. 
done well and at once and by federal authority 
or action of Congress to make it nation-wide. 

Let us eliminate the teaching of German from 
public schools, private schools and Sunday 
schools. 

Forbid our public libraries to lend to readers 
German books and our city and state officials to 
spend public money for buying of German 
books. 

Forbid the printing and sale of German news- 
papers. If, as sentimentalists claim, there are 
Americans who do not know English, they must 

[323 



BANISH LANGUAGE OF HUN 

be ashamed of it. Such ones need urgently Eng- 
lish primers, but certainly not German news- 
papers. 

Forbid the use of the German language at pub- 
lic meetings. 

Make English the official language of all 
societies and lodges. 

Forbid in war time the use of German in tele- 
phonic conversation and telegrams. 

An invitation ought to be sent to all German 
churches to replace, when and where possible, 
the German language in worship by the English 
as a voluntary demonstration of loyal Ameri- 
canism. Confine the use of German to homes 
only and leave it optional with the German 
churches as a language of worship. 

All Teutons, subjects of the two Kaisers, 
are enemies of the american nation. 
Neither the hatred of America by Germany 
will end with the present war nor will 
the plans and attempts of the german na- 
tion to dominate the world end with her 
first failure. the germans will try it 

AGAIN AND AGAIN. THE SOONER WE REALIZE 

that the struggle of americanism against 
Germanism is going to last for many years 

[33] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

THE BETTER WILL WE BE PREPARED TO MEET SUC- 
CESSFULLY THE MANY FORMS OF GERMAN EN- 
MITY. A PASSION FOR ALL THINGS ENGLISH IN 

THE United States is neither hysteria nor 

FANATICISM NOR SILLY HATRED. IT IS A HEALTHY^ 
VIGOROUS NATIONAL POLICY AND ABSOLUTELY 
NECESSARY FOR THE FUTURE WELL-BEING OF OUR 
COUNTRY. At the end of THIS WAR WE MUST 

have all the melting elements of our coun- 
try melted into loyal americanism, and 
English must be the language of every 
HOME in the United States. 

May 30, 1 91 8. 



[34] 



V 
GERMAN IN THE SCHOOLS 

ITS ELIMINATION URGED IN BEHALF OF A 
FUTURE DECENT WORLD 

G. W. K. did not read well my protest against 
the retention of German instruction in the 
schools or can't understand it. I did not advise 
to drop the teaching of German because it is 
difficult, but because "there is not real necessity 
for it." 

Does Mr. Advocate of German mean to say 
that we shall not be an educated nation if we talk 
perfect English and substitute French, Spanish 
and Russian for German in our public schools, 
as I advocate for very good reasons? 

"The future uselessness of the German lan- 
guage is a matter about which it is unsafe to 
speculate. None can predict what the commer- 
cial development of the next few decades will be. 
The German language will continue to be im- 
portant in the future .... has been considered 

[35] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

of sufficient importance in the curricula of our 
leading universities," says the advocate of Ger- 
man. 

Do not v^orry, sir. The Allies, whose eyes have 
been opened to a real understanding of the 
present and future German menace which will 
not end with this war, will confine the usefulness 
of the German language to the frontiers of Ger- 
many and the German- Austrian provinces ; they 
must make the commercial development of the 
United States, of Great Britain and France their 
leading enterprise and must do all in their power 
to develop the individual, commercial and po- 
litical interests of the Slav and Latin peoples, as 
their permanent allies. They must do it, or the 
Germans will do it for their own benefit! 

The Teuton leaders, the German nation 
and their friends know the economic war 
against them must come ; they are terribly 
AFRAID OF IT. It means the doom of German am- 
bitions. The Allies must do it because this war 
is only the first act in the world drama: Ger- 
many's attempt at world conquest. GERMANY 
WILL TRY IT AGAIN ! Only repeated failures will 
reform the German nation and make her fit for 
partnership. 

[36] 



GERMAN IN THE SCHOOLS 
Many subjects of limited value to the general 
public are in curricula of universities; that is no 
argument that German must be taught in our 
public schools. 

'^Shut up the study of German in public schools 
merely because it is the tongue of our enemies or 
weakens a man's love for his own country," are 
not my arguments. I said to eliminate German 
because it is a well-known fact that one of the 
vital national German aims is to make the GER- 
MAN KULTUR A WELTKULTUR AND THE GERMAN 
LANGUAGE A WELTSPRACHE BY ALL MEANS POS- 
SIBLE, AS WITNESS PROPAGANDA AND SPECIAL 

FUNDS FOR German schools in foreign lands. 
Germany desires to impose it on an unwilling 
world by right of might. By teaching German in 
public schools, I said in my protest, you help to 
make German language a Weltsprache. I said in 
my protest to bar German is not sufficient — but 
an organized, very active, and universal propa- 
ganda for the English language and English cul- 
ture, on lines indicated by me, in all Slavic and 
Latin nations, to combat the German propa- 
ganda, is an urgent necessity for the future safety 
and prosperity of the United States and our 
Allies. Russia is ruined by German propaganda 

[37] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

antedating the war and by the Bolshevik an- 
archists under command of the cowardly Trot- 
zky gang, who have camouflaged their Jewish 
descent. 
The war will not be won by hysteria — 

HOW ARROGANT TO CALL ANTI-GERMAN AND PRO- 

American propaganda a nervous disease — 
but dropping of german from public schools 
will hurt the germans more than many 
lost battles by striking at one vital german 
national aim: the making of german a 
weltsprache, a world language! 

It may interest the advocates of German that 
the Teutons are waging a rabid and cruel war 
against the Polish language and Polish culture 
in the Polish provinces of Posen, lands inhabited 
by Poles from time immemorial, their ancestral 
homes. The Prussian kings have promised under 
oath to respect the Pole's language and na- 
tionality; they naturally have broken the Prus- 
sian sacred pledges and try to exterminate the 
Polish language by inhuman and mean persecu- 
tion. It shows how much the Prussians think of 
the power of one's language. 

I STAND BY MY THESIS : BAR GERMAN LANGUAGE 
FROM PUBLIC SCHOOLS AND SPREAD THE ENGLISH 

[38] 



GERMAN IN THE SCHOOLS 

LANGUAGE AND ENGLISH CULTURE TO EVERY 
CORNER OF THE WORLD. 

Hail to the Union League Club and Americans 
who want to clean of Germanism our country! 

Let the Germans and their friends talk, as the 
Kaiser said to the Poles, "wie Ihnen der Schna- 
bel gewachsen ist" in their homes! (How their 
beaks have grown.) 

New Britain, Conn., May 25, 1918. 



[39] 



VI 
LUSITANIA DAY 

A NATIONAL MEMORIAL OBSERVANCE LEST 
WE FORGET 

The anniversary of the sinking of the Lusitania 
should be designated a national memorial day 
by act of Congress to commemorate the mar- 
tyrdom of American men, women and children 
who perished at sea, innocent victims of the 
super-savage German submarine warfare. How 
ashamed the Huns must be of the savage human 
tribes of Borneo and New Guinea who have 
mercy and pity on women and babies of their 
enemies. 

Lusitania day should be the great memorial 
day for all American heroes fallen in the present, 
the most sublime and unselfish war of the United 
States. 

Lusitania day should be an everlasting memo- 
rial, as the Roman poet says, *'aere perenniusi' 
to the insane brutality of the Teutons who have 
violated all laws of God and man. 

[40] 



LUSITANIA DAY 



When the war is over and wounds are healed, 
times, conditions and men have changed, we may 
perhaps forget the sufferings and sacrifices of 
our American martyrs and heroes as many great 
historic events have been forgotten. That cannot 
happen if Lusitania day is made a national me- 
morial day. Future generations would meet 
every May 7 for prayer, to pay respect to their 
great dead, to renew their pledge of readiness 
to sacrifice their all in defence of national honor 
and country. 

On May 7 the Teutons should hear forever our 
"Remember the Lusitania!" and perhaps a new 
and reformed Germany, ashamed of the Lusi- 
tania murders, would answer, ''Never again." 
Such a change in the nature of the Ger- 
man NATION IS POSSIBLE ONLY IF THE GERMAN 
PEOPLE SUFFER A CRUSHING DEFEAT, IF THE GER- 
MAN NATION, AFTER ACCEPTING THE ALLIES' 
TERMS OF PEACE, IS PUT ON PROBATION TO KEEP 
PEACE FOR MANY YEARS TO COME BY A LEAGUE 
OF NATIONS IN ARMS. 

The men who talk of a league of disarmed 
nations after this war are simply dreaming of an 
impossible Utopian condition of world affairs, 
totally forgetful of the character, organization 

[41] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

and history of the German nation. Have Jena 
and Austerlitz broken the German spirit? Did 
Napoleon with his crushing victories, Ger- 
many and Austria at his feet, cower the Teutons 
for a long time? By no means. The Germans 
forced the Slavs to help them and, driving the 
Slav soldiers into their battles, regained their 
freedom. 

It is asserted that 60 per cent, of the soldiers in 
the wars of liberation from Napoleon were Slav 
soldiers. Millions of Slavs were brutally forced 
by Austria to fight for Germany in the present 
war against their own national interests. On 
more millions of Slavs has Germany now laid 
her oppressing hands with the intention to use 
them in peace as cheap laborers, as soldiers and 
"Kanonenfutter" in war to conquer the world 
for Germany's use. 

On this Lusitania day let every wise American 
say: 

^'Germany, we did not know you before, but 
now we are sure that you are the most brutal 
outlaw among the nations, a terror and a menace 
to human progress, freedom and civilization. 
We shall beat you. We shall force you to keep 
peace by a LEAGUE OF NATIONS IN ARMS. We 

[42] 



LUSITANIA DAY 



shall free the Slav nations from your tyrannous 
grip, your unwilling soldiers in war, and indus- 
trial slaves in peace. Never hereafter shall you 
find us unprepared as we were on the fateful 
May 7, 1915. 

''Hereafter, we will forever be prepared to 
meet you and defeat you by our armed forces 
in the air, on land, on sea and under sea — 
American forces, raised by a universal mili- 
tary SERVICE — UNTIL SUCH NATIONAL POLICY 

proves to be mercenary beyond any doubt 
whatever/' 

Let the Lusitania day be a sacred national 
memorial day and ordered so by act of con- 
GRESS OF THE United States. 

New Britain, May 11, 1918. 



[43] 



VII 

THE IRREDUCIBLE MINIMUM THAT 
POLAND DEMANDS 

SHE MUST BE REUNITED AS A FREE AND IN- 
DEPENDENT STATE DEMOCRATICALLY 
GOVERNED AND HAVING ACCESS 
TO THE SEA 

May a graduate of a Polish university, an in- 
timate friend of such Polish leaders as the late 
Francis Smolka, the famous President of the 
Austrian Parliament, and Count Dzieduszycki, 
tell the truth about Polish aspirations? 

There is only one Polish national policy. All 
Poles, excepting a few holding offices by the 
grace of the Austrian Government, are agreed 
on the following terms : 

1. All Polish provinces, such as Galicia, 
German and Russian Poland, must be 
united in one national state of poland. 

2. Poland must be a free and independent 
state. 

[44] 



THE DEMANDS OF POLAND 

3. Poland must have a democratic govern- 
ment. 

4. Poland must have free access to the 
SEA; Danzig was a Polish seaport to 1792. 

5. These stipulations must be guaranteed 
by the powers at the coming peace confer- 
ence, to which representatives of the 
Polish nation must be summoned. 

No other terms, as those of semi-independence 
or autonomy under protection and sovereignty 
of a foreign Power, can ever satisfy the Poles. 

The United States through President Wilson 
demanded a free and united Poland in January, 
1917. The Poles are grateful and believe that the 
United States will help Poland to her freedom 
more than any other Power. The Poles know 
that America's victory means Poland's victory 
and independence. That explains the enthusiasm 
of the Poles in the American army and the love 
of the Poles for America. 

The relations of Poland to the Allies need a 
little explanation. Poland belongs to the West in 
thought, spirit, literature, art and political as- 
pirations, if by the West we mean France, Italy 
and England. Poland's heart and soul were al- 
ways and are with France. Poland's history is 

C45] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
full of wars against Tartars and Turks, the 
brothers in spirit and arms of the present-day 
Huns ; they were wars to shield European civili- 
zation from Ottoman destruction. 

Poland has had two terrible enemies. One is 
over a thousand years old, the Prussians trans- 
mitting their brutal and maniacal ideas of exter- 
minating the Polish race from their forefathers 
to the present generation of Prussians. The other 
cruel destroyer and oppressor of Poland was 
autocratic Russia, a member of the Allies. That 
Russian autocracy is dead; we hope gone for- 
ever! The new Russia has declared for an inde- 
pendent Poland, partly to atone for past wrongs, 
partly from motives of humanity and justice, and 
partly because she has lost the ownership of 
Polish lands. 

So THE Poles have at present only one im- 
placable ENEMY V^HOSE BESTIAL V^RONGS, A 

thousand years old, can never be forgotten : 
Prussia. 

How can any Pole state that "Polish interests 
are in accordance with those of the Central 
Powers," and claim Polish leadership? If he 
believes so he has a distorted personal opinion. 
If he claims to be a representative of the Poles 

[46] 



THE DEMANDS OF POLAND 



he is a fool or a liar. Nine hundred and ninety- 
nine Poles out of a thousand are pro-Ally. A 
Teutonized Poland is absolutely impossible. The 
German language and customs, German politics 
and aspirations, are sincerely hated. Polish in- 
terests are in accord with the present aims of the 
Allies, if a real independent and united Poland 
is made by the Allies a condition sine qua non of 
peace. 

Occasionally statesmen of the Allies have 
spoken in vague terms about a free or ^^autono- 
mous" Poland. That is not satisfactory to the 
Poles. We Poles want and need a collective, of- 
ficial declaration by all the allied Powers that no 
peace is possible unless Poland is independent, 
united and has access to the sea. 

Such a declaration is urgently needed (i) to 
counteract German intrigues and (2) because we 
hear lately from the Allies so much about Al- 
sace-Lorraine and Belgium and so little about 
Poland's future status, and (3) because of a dec- 
laration that "no dismemberment of empires" is 
to be one of the preliminary terms of peace. That 
is dangerous to Poland's cause. 

How can Poland be free if Austrian and Ger- 
man Poland are not disannexed? Poland has 

[47] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

been so much sinned against by the Powers, so 
many times disappointed in her hopes, so many 
times have promises given her been broken. 
England's policy toward Poland's national 
claims has been mostly indifferent in the past. 
France cheered Poland often with kind and sym- 
pathetic words, but not with real, material and 
effective help to gain her freedom. Russia merely 
oppressed Poland. 

Now THE Allies must not forget Poland 
AGAIN. Her claims to independence are by 

NO MEANS OF LESS IMPORTANCE THAN BEL- 
GIUM'S. The mistakes of the past must be 

MADE GOOD. ALL POLAND WAITS ANXIOUSLY FOR 
AN OFFICIAL COLLECTIVE DECLARATION BY ALL 

THE Allies that no peace is possible with- 
out A FREE UNITED POLAND. 

Then let the Allies organize and lead Polish 
armies under Poland's flag from Russia, France 
and America. 

September 26, 1917. 



[48] 



VIII 
THE POLE'S NATIONALITY 

A CALL FOR THE RECOGNITION OF POLAND 
AS AN INDEPENDENT STATE 

May I respectfully beg you to use the influence 
of your paper to gain for the Poles in the United 
States the right to register as Poles and not force 
on them the outrage of being considered as 
Germans or Austrians? I am a Pole, and believe 
me, sir, it breaks my heart to be branded as 
Austrian. Every student of history knows that 
the Poles hate the Teutons, their enemies for the 
last i,ooo years. So long has been the struggle for 
existence of the Polish nation against the Ger- 
mans! I may say it is an everyday w^ar, because 
V^hen it is not a V^ar WITH ARMS ON THE BATTLE- 
FIELDS IT IS AN ENDLESS FIGHT AGAINST INDUS- 
TRIAL, FINANCIAL AND POLITICAL TEUTON DOM- 
INATION. 

The Poles in America have the same feelings 
against the Germans. They dislike Austrians and 
Germans more sincerely than Americans could 

[49] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

ever do, because they have suffered untold 
miseries at the hands of Teutons before coming 
to this country. 

In this critical war time as always in the past 
the Poles have only sentiments of gratitude, re- 
spect, loyalty and love for the Government and 
the citizens of the United States. THEY REALIZE 
THAT America's victory is Poland's victory, 

THAT their only TRUE FRIENDS ARE THE AMER- 
ICANS. 

Now it is alleged that the United States and the 
Allies are aiming to see Poland united and inde- 
pendent. In January, 1917, President Wilson 
said that all statesmen have agreed on it. De- 
cember 4, 1917, the President said that he was 
thinking of Poland. Why could not America 
give some concrete expression to these aims in 
recognizing Poland as an independent state, 
whose frontiers are to be drawn exactly at the 
peace conference, and give the Poles in America 
the right to register as Poles? The Central 
Powers have already recognized some kind of 
an independent Poland. It cannot hurt the 
United States to take such a step. Such a recog- 
nition of the Poles as an independent nation 
would 

[50] 



THE POLE^S NATIONALITY 

1. Define properly the status of all Poles in the 
United States ; 

2. Allow the Poles to register as what they are, 
as Poles ; 

3. Help the Poles in Europe in their fight for 
freedom and liberty. 

A nation of twenty million Poles waits 
anxiously for America's recognition of Poland's 
independence. 

America, we pray, call us by our historic right 
and dear name of Poles. We hate to be considered 
as Germans, Austrians or Russians. 

New Britain, Conn., December 7, 1917. 



[51] 



IX 
POLAND AND GERMANY 

A DISSECTION OF THE INFAMOUS TERMS 
OFFERED BY THE PRUSSIANS 

The Poles can neither consider seriously nor 
accept nor tolerate without violent protests Ger- 
many's plan for a free Poland as published by 
the Augsburg Abend Zeitung. That plan is an 
attempt to destroy in instalments the national, 
political and industrial body of Poland. Such a 
brutal policy can be imposed on Poland only by 
a permanent military occupation of the country 
by Prussian executioners. 

Poland's answer will be a continuous revolt 
against the Germans. Down with Prussia! Down 
with Austria! We wish all as just punishment, 
miseries and defeat to the German oppressors of 
Poland, whose policy since Bismarck's time is 
to exterminate the Poles. Glory and triumph are 
due to America that promised us a united, free 
and independent, democratic Poland with access 
to the seas. 

[52] 



POLAND AND GERMANY 

The promises to Poland cannot be kept, the 
Polish problem not justly solved, without disan- 
nexing from Austria Galicia and part of Silesia; 
from Germany Posen and parts of East Prussia 
and Silesia. Prussia would consider it a supreme 
sacrifice to return the stolen Polish lands. SHE 
will concede it only when her own armies 
have crossed in flight the rhine back into 
Germany, when the Allies' armies have 
TAKEN Trieste and Laibach and driven the 
Germans from Poland and Russia. Many 
Poles sometimes doubt that the Allies 
would insist on it for poland's sake but for 
America's interference. 

The Poles have so many times been disap- 
pointed in their hopes by the European Powers 
that they really have the fullest confidence and 
faith only in the justice and strength of America. 
We believe that America will not compromise 
on the Polish problem, and will influence the 
Allies to stand by Poland. Let us now interpret 
the German conditions to a free Poland: 

^The frontiers will be fixed by the German 
high command according to military necessi- 
ties." 

It means a slicing in all directions of important 

[53] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

parts of Russian Poland, as the districts of Dom- 
brovo, Lodz, Chelm, Lomza, Grodno, the re- 
duction of Poland to a little more than the prov- 
ince of Warsaw. 

^'The Polish army will be restricted to 90,000." 

An impotent army sufficient to police the coun- 
try, but unable to defend Poland against the at- 
tacks of a strong neighbor. 

''For fifty years Poland must make most favor- 
able economic concessions to the Central Powers 
on the principle of the most favored nation." 

That means economical, industrial and finan- 
cial enslavement of Poland by Germany, a con- 
scription of all Poland's future wealth by Prus- 
sia. 

"Publication of German, Austrian, Hungarian, 
Bulgarian and Turkish papers must be al- 
lowed." 

We can't understand it. There is not an Aus- 
trian language. Hungarians, Bulgars and Turks 
are not living in Poland. Do the satanic Teutons 
intend forcibly to colonize Poland with such 
people? 

"In any locality where there are ten German 
children a German school will be opened." 

That means a German school in every Polish 

[54] 



POLAND AND GERMANY 

village, because where there are not three Ger- 
man families the Germans will always find three 
Jewish families willing to register as Germans. 
It means a Germanization of Poland by force 
and Poland to pay the costs of it. Ninety-eight 
per cent, of the Jews in Poland, the millions of 
them, would be supporters of German schools 
and Germanization. A terrible future for the 
native Poles. 

'^The German conditions will be incorporated 
in the constitution, which cannot be modified 
without the approval of the Central Powers." 

That amounts practically to slavery. No free 
and independent state could accept such condi- 
tions. Such a German Poland would be a repu- 
diation of all high aims of the Allies in this war, 
a negation of all human rights to which the 
Poles are entitled as well as the British, the 
French or others. 

We believe that America will never allow 
Germany to enslave the Poles in such an 

INFAMOUS AND TERRIBLE WAY. We TRUST AMER- 
ICA. She IS THE GREAT HOPE OF POLAND AND ALL 

THE Slavs. 
July 12, 1918. 

[55] 



X 

BURIAN'S PRETENCES 

THE FALSENESS OF HIS WORDS ON AUSTRIA'S 
SITUATION EXPOSED 

Baron Burian does not speak for the national- 
ities of Austria and Hungary. He may represent 
his weak master, Karl von Hapsburg, by whose 
grace he holds office and draws a fat salary, and 
perhaps a minority of the Germans of Austria 
and the Magyars of Hungary. I say a minority 
because the majority of the Austrian Germans 
are worshippers of the Potsdam gang and look to 
a unification with Germany, and the majority of 
the Hungarians dream of a complete independ- 
ence for Hungary with privileges to continue 
the present oppression of the non-Magyar races 
of Hungary. 

Baron Burian represents the yellow and black 
striped mentality (yellow and black are the Aus- 
trian national colors) of the Austro-Hungarian 
government employees. They are creatures 

[56] 



BURIAN^S PRETENCES 

without soul, character and true morality. They 
have sold their all to the government to climb 
higher the ladder of officialdom for high sala- 
ries, decorations, titles and official honors. Their 
manners are very polite. The faculties of their 
minds are limited. The importance of their office 
is measured by their ability to lie and lie, to 
break promises, to master the arts of hypocrisy 
and intrigue. Baron Burian is for the moment 
their master. He represents only those yellow- 
black officials. His last speech is nothing but a 
web of lies. The only true passages are those re- 
ferring to America and the Allies' moral and 
just aims. We are glad, that at least he is able to 
understand it. 

How contemptible is Baron Burian when he 
asserts : 

^'These States with their various nationalities 
are no accidental structure, but a product of his- 
torical and ethnographical necessity which carry 
in themselves the fundamental principle of life 
and race." 

Certainly they are not an accidental structure, 
but a historical enslavement of different races by 
the sword and fire of conquest, by plunder and 
intrigue and by those famous imperial marriages 

[57] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
expressed in the motto: ^'Tu felix Austria nube" 
(You Austria fortunate by marriages). 

Has Baron Burian forgotten the revolutionary 
years of 1848, 1849 and 1867, that the Austrian 
constitution camouflaged by the notorious para- 
graph 14 was given to the people after lost wars 
and revolutions? Does he not know that the 
policies of Vienna and Budapest are hated and 
cursed by the great majority of the people every 
hour of every day; that since 1848 all national- 
ities of Austria fight and struggle for release 
from the Austro-Hungarian terrible prison to 
national freedom, independence and unity with 
the national fragments on the frontiers of Aus- 
tria-Hungary? 

Has Baron Burian forgotten the resolutions of 
all Poles for independence in May, 1917, in Cra- 
cow? Is he deaf to the incessant clamorous claims 
of all Czechs, Jugoslavs, Italians and Ruma- 
nians and others for separation from Austria- 
Hungary? He keeps them down only by brute 
force of arms, oppression of every kind, execu- 
tions by the tens of thousands, and when in need 
or cowardly flight from the battlefield appeals 
to the Hohenzollern hangman for help to per- 
petuate that despicable tyranny. 

[58] 



BURIAN'S PRETENCES 



How shameless to call such conditions ^*fun- 
damental principle of life and race." "As has 
always been the case for centuries past, the states 
and races of the monarchy will settle their in- 
ternal problems in agreement with their ruler." 
You must be blind, deaf and dumb. Baron 
Burian. We all are in this fight to make a cen- 
turies-old oppression impossible. Your master, a 
weakling and servant of the Kaiser, the son of 
an unworthy father and a member of a family 
of stupid tyrants, may have to choose between a 
life with the present fortunes of Nicholas II of 
Russia or something worse. 

Neither you nor your kind will settle the affairs 
of the oppressed nationalities of Austria-Hun- 
gary. It will be done by their chosen representa- 
tives at the peace conference. 

The great majority of the subjects of Austria- 
Hungary hope, believe and trust to hear the 
answer of the great American Republic and 
because of her interference the answer of the 
Allies to Baron Burian's arrogant peace feelers 
as follows : 

We are in this war for justice and freedom and 
independence of every nationality imprisoned in 
the state of Austria-Hungary. Nothing is by 

[59] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

human and moral right Austrian but the Ger- 
man provinces of Austria, nothing Hungarian 
but the land inhabited by the 8,000,000 Magyars. 
That may be free and independent. The German 
Austria may exist as a free state or unite with 
Germany. The Czechs, Slovaks and Moravians 
will form a free Bohemia. The Poles belong to 
a free united Poland. The Serbs, meaning the 
Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, will form a free 
greater Serbia. The Italians, Rumanians and 
Ruthenians will be attached to their respective 
mother countries. We do not annex, we simply 
are resolved to return the stolen liberties, the 
stolen independence to their rightful owners, the 
people, in accord with the laws of God and man. 
It is our resolve, our pledge. No compromise is 
possible. It is the aim of our supreme sacrifices, 
the only foundation and guarantee of a just and 
lasting peace. 

Julius Hupert, M. D. 

New Britain, Conn., July 19. 



[60] 



XI 
BEAT GERMANY! 

THAT IS THE SUPREME TASK AND DUTY OF 
THE UNITED STATES 

I beg you to print on the top of your paper, just 
over the title The Sun, the following phrase: 

To beat Germany is the United States' supreme 
duty and chief business. 

Doing it and inducing other patriotic news- 
papers to follow you, you may do more good than 
expected. Such a motto printed on the top of 
every American paper will remind thousands of 
their duty every day. 

An enormous peace propaganda is tacitly and 
openly carried on. You understand that peace 
at the present time means admission of a German 
victory and a German peace; it is humiliation 
and more or less of enslavement by Germany of 
every nation of the world. 

To THINK OF PEACE BEFORE BEATING GERMANY 
IS WEAKNESS, TO TALK OF IT BEFORE VICTORY IS 

[6l] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

FOLLY, TO BARGAIN WITH GERMANY BEFORE DE- 
FEATING Germany is a desperate surrender. 

Many Americans do not realize it because they 
do not know that the Germans are not able and fit 
to think, to feel and act like the free Americans. 

With the blood of their forefathers the Ger- 
mans have inherited the lust to war on their 
neighbors, to murder them, to plunder them of 
land, wealth and political freedom. This in- 
herited maniacal desire for war has been enor- 
mously increased by the peculiar German educa- 
tion and military propaganda, whose national 
policies are expressed in mottoes as "DRANG 
NACH osten" and "Deutchland uber alles." 

I know the Germans very well. That is why I 
tell you they are not able to think as free men do. 

A peace with such rascals, victorious as they are 
now, would be a calamity for the United States 
and the other nations. That urges me to ask you 
to print every day on the top of The Sun: 

"To BEAT Germany is the United States' 

SUPREME DUTY AND CHIEF BUSINESS." 
New Britain, Conn., March 13, 1918. 



[62] 



XII 
THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 

[Published in The Hartford Times, August 15, 1914.] 

"Freedom for the Poles and the other op- 
pressed races of Europe is the only guarantee for 
peace in Europe." 

The real causes of the present world crisis, the 
Pan-European war, are misunderstood, when 
the assassination of the Austrian Crown Prince 
and the desire of the Serbian people for political 
unification are proffered as the causes of the 
present war. That tragic act was only the spark 
which lighted the European powder house. 

Since 1846, the different races of Europe are 
trying by legal and legislative work, and by revo- 
lutions and wars, to establish : 

First. National, independent, political states. 

Second. To replace autocracies by democratic 
governments. The Italians had to fight Austria 
in 1859, to get a united and democratic Italy. 
Only a part of Italy, the Trentino and Trieste, 

[63] 



EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

suffers still under Austrian government. The 
Prussians had to crush Austria in 1866 and to 
triumph over France in 1870, to unite the big 
majority of the Germans into one political 
Empire. THAT UNIFICATION IS NOT FINISHED, 

AS THE 10,000,000 Austrian-Germans are to 

BE UNITED INTO A NEW AND BIGGER GERMANY. 

The creation of the independent states of Ru- 
mania, Serbia, Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro 
and at last Albania, was the result of several 
v^ars. But that process of '^NATIONALIZATION" 
of races is not completed. Some races, as the 
Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Slavonians, are totally 
ignored; others, as the Serbs, Rumanians, are 
only partially independent; large fragments of 
these races are under an oppressing Austro-Hun- 
garian domination. Let us review the oppressed 
races of Europe : 

First. The Poles. Twenty millions, once a 
mighty kingdom, divided in three parts by the 
most infamous political crime, called the parti- 
tion of Poland. In Germany are three and a half 
millions living under terrible oppression. 
Mighty Prussia is waging a war of extermina- 
tion on their Polish citizens by colonization of 
Polish lands with Germans, by dispossession, by 

[64] 



THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 

driving out the Polish language from all schools, 
courts, ojfBces and public meetings of Poles. All 
officials and teachers are Germans. The hatred 
of Prussians for the Poles is an obsession. They 
fear the vision of a free Poland as the murderer 
the ghost of his victims. 

In Russia are living 12,000,000 Poles. Their op- 
pression by the Russian government is just as bad 
as in Germany. Any movement in Petersburg to 
make the conditions of the Poles in Russia more 
bearable was, as a rule, to be strongly opposed by 
the authorities in Berlin. 

In Austria are living 4,500,000 Poles. They 
have a partial autonomy. Pay for it, heavy taxes, 
must serve in the Austrian army and fight in the 
Austrian wars. 

These twenty million of suffering Poles 
want, work for, and dream of a united 
Poland, a free, independent, democratic 
Poland. They hate all three oppressors, they 
wait with anxiety for the result of the present 
war! Their beloved country is devastated by the 
present war, Poland being the battlefield of the 
three enemies, the flower of their manhood is 
forced to battle for the hated oppressors. They 
hope France and Great Britain may build a 

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EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 
free Poland, but they may be deceived as in the 
past. 

Second. The Czechs, Bohemians. They are 
seven millions and live all in Austria and hate 
the Germans. They are industrious, thrifty, cul- 
tured, prosperous. Their sympathies are with 
Russia. They desire to have the Kingdom of 
Bohemia revived. It was crushed by Austria. 
The Czechs want a free democratic Bo- 
hemia. 

Third. Two million Slovaks in northwestern 
Hungary are oppressed by the Magyar govern- 
ment of Budapest. They desire home rule, they 
hate the Hungarians. 

Fourth. Seven million Serbs-Croatians living 
in the southern part of Austria and Hungary. 
They have only partial autonomy. The Serbians 
and Croatians are really brothers. The Croatians 
are Roman-Catholic and use Latin letters for the 
Serbian language, while the Serbs are mostly 
Greek-Orthodox and use Greek letters. They 
WANT A UNIFICATION WITH INDEPENDENT 

Serbia. They are suffering for centuries from 
Austro-Hungarian oppression. 

Fifth. Slavonians, 1,500,000 of them in south- 
ern Austria and Dalmatia. They are a part of 

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THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 

the southern Slavs, desiring their political free- 
dom. 

Sixth. Ruthenians, 3,500,000 in Austria and 
Hungary and 11,000,000 in Russia, dream of a 
political independence. They never were a po- 
litical entity, like the Albanians, but they are a 
Slavic race to be distinguished from the proper 
Russian by language and religion, being mostly 
Greek-Catholics. 

Seventh. Rumanians, a Latin race, 4,000,000 of 
them oppressed by Austria and Hungary, desire 
a unification with the independent Kingdom of 
Rumania. They were once united. 

Eighth. One million Italians under Austria 
desire unification with Italy. 

Ninth. Hungarians, 9,000,000, have the most 
of privileges under Austrian domination, but 
want a wholly independent state of their own 
and to get it in 1848 and 1867 were fighting 
Austria. They hate the Austrian-Germans, but 
oppress and try in vain to Magyarize the Slavs 
and Rumanians in Hungary. 

Tenth. Ten million Austrian-Germans dom- 
inate the other races of the Austrian Empire, 
but a majority want a unification with Germany. 

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EMANCIPATION OF THE SLAVS 

Eleventh. Two million Albanians in process of 
creating an independent political state. 

Eleven races and 72,000,000 of dissatisfied 
people, the majority of them forced together by 
cruel conquest into THAT POLITICAL COMPOUND 
OF INCOMPATIBILITIES CALLED AUSTRIA-HUN- 
GARY. The majority of them oppressed, misgov- 
erned and bullied into submission by the Ger- 
man government of Austria, in Vienna, or the 
Magyar government in Budapest. All under the 
supreme command of the Berlin government 
and the interests of Deutschland (iber alles! 

Every one of these oppressed races aspires to be 
a national, independent, political state, and 
works for that ideal since 1846. It is their natural 
right to be independent as are France, England, 
Italy, Germany, etc. These races, except the 
Austrian-Germans, at present conquered, perse- 
cuted and oppressed by German, Russian and 
Magyar power must in time win their political 
freedom and will fight to get their freedom, 
their human rights. 

The conditions sine qua non, to give the op- 
pressed races of Europe their freedom, are: 

I. The dissolution of that political compound 
of incompatibilities called Austro-Hungary; 

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THE CAUSES OF THE WAR 

and that process started in 1859 when Austria 
lost her Italian provinces. 

2. The transformation of the present empires 
and military, aristocratic and clerical autoc- 
racies INTO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICS. The desire 
of the oppressed races for a national, political, 
independent life, and the longing of the people 
for a real democratic government for the people 
and by the people on one hand, and the unwill- 
ingness of the ruling autocracies to yield to the 
people their power on the other hand, are the 
real causes of the European war. 

The dismemberment of Austria-Hungary, the 
creation of independent republics of every race, 
is the only guarantee of a permanent peace in 
Europe. The present war may fulfill that mis- 
sion, partially or completely. If the latter 
results, the war will be blessed by future genera- 
tions ! 

New Britain, Conn., August 13, 1914. 



[69] 



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